SandJ Information Services Limited
Useful Data - Highways & BS7666 information
| Term | Description |
| Abuttal | Names of owners or tenants of property adjoining that involved in a deed, recorded as an aid to identification. |
| ArcGaz | A land and property information repository. |
| ArcView | "The world's most popular desktop mapping and GIS software." Provides a wide range of functions for data manipulation, management, query, analysis and display. May be extended with a number of additional, optional software modules. Comes supplied with sample data and tutorial programmes. |
| Basic Land and Property Unit (BLPU) | A contiguous area of land under uniform property rights. In the absence of documentary evidence of ownership, or where for administrative purposes a subdivision is required of an area of uniform property rights under single ownership, then the unit shall be defined by its physical features or inferred from occupation or use. |
| BLPU | See Basic Land and Property Unit. |
| BOAT | Byway Open to All Traffic. BOATs allow the use of wheeled vehicles of all kinds, but is normally used for walking or horse riding. Off-road driving for recreational purposes often happens along such highways. Not surfaced and can get very wet and muddy. Introduced by the Countryside Act 1968. |
| BS | British Standard |
| BS7666 | The British Standard describing how property should be referenced.
"BS 7666 Spatial datasets for geographical referencing". Part 1: Specification for a street gazetteer (2000) Part 2: Specification for a land and property gazetteer (2000) Part 3: Specification for addresses (2000) Part 4: Specification for recording public rights of way (2002) To facilitate the creation of the NLPG, a British Standard (BS7666 Spatial datasets for geographical referencing) has been created. The standard comprises four parts covering Street Gazetteers, Land and Property Gazetteers, Addresses and Rights of Way. An operational BS7666 compliant LLPG will become an essential prerequisite for ongoing involvement in the NLPG once it has been created. What does it do? BS7666 specifies a standard format for holding details on every property and street. The standard does not differentiate between commercial or residential properties, between occupied, developed or vacant land, between urban or rural or between addressable properties and non-addressable entities such as communications masts. What does a standard format look like? As far as properties are concerned, the standard is based on the concept of a land parcel unit known as a Basic Land and Property Unit (BLPU). A BLPU is defined in BS7666 part 2 as a contiguous area of land in uniform property rights or, in the absence of such ownership evidence or where required for administration purposes, inferred from physical features, occupation or use. Each BLPU has a unique reference number (UPRN), a spatial reference (grid co-ordinate) and one or more Land and Property Identifiers (LPI). The LPI is basically the address of the BLPU in a standard format that uniquely identifies the BLPU in relation to a street as defined and held in the National Street Gazetteer (NSG). The principal components of the LPI are the UPRN from the BLPU, the Unique Street Reference Number (USRN) from the NSG and sufficient elements from the hierarchy of Primary and Secondary Addressable Objects (PAON and SAON) necessary to uniquely identify the BLPU. See http://www.nlpg.org.uk/_public/sheet8.htm |
| Business geographics | What Ordnance Survey calls small scale maps |
| BV97(a) | UKPMS Best Value guidelines. See http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_roads/documents/page/dft_roads_029683.hcsp |
| BV97b | UKPMS Best Value guidelines. See http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_roads/documents/page/dft_roads_029683.hcsp |
| BVPI | Best Value Performance Indicator |
| Chain | Unit of length, equal to 22 yards. Each chain is made up of 100 links. There are 10 chains to the furlong. |
| Chainage | A measure of distance or length, now done in metres. |
| CivilCAD | Topographical survey software. An old DOS version is believed to be in use in Highways. |
| CLICS | Client Control System (computerised system for managing road improvement scheme implementation). |
| CSS | County Surveyors Society |
| CSS TCUG | County Surveyor's Society Traffic Control User Group |
| CVI | Coarse Visual Inspection. UKPMS Coarse Visual Inspection Survey (CVI) or a more detailed equivalent visual inspection survey (DVI). Visual surveys must be carried out in accordance with the UKPMS Visual Survey Manual |
| DCD | Data Capture (or Capturing) Device |
| Detailed products | What Ordnance Survey calls large scale maps |
| Displacement | A distance from a known point |
| DMRB | Design Manual for Roads and Bridges |
| DNA | In full, DNA-Scotland - Definitive National Addressing for Scotland |
| DNF | Digital National Framework. The Ordnance Survey is working on an overhaul of their digital mapping management and distribution, and apparently will be distributing data in DNF (a particular set of OGC GML 2.0 schemas) at some point in the future. |
| DTLR | Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions |
| DVI | Detailed Visual Inspection. UKPMS Coarse Visual Inspection Survey (CVI) or a more detailed equivalent visual inspection survey (DVI). Visual surveys must be carried out in accordance with the UKPMS Visual Survey Manual |
| Easement | A Right of Way for a specific person or organisation (e.g. BT, water
company, etc.) for access purposes, e.g. the electricity company can get to
their electricity pylons. (law) the
privilege of using something that is not your own (as using another's land as
a right of way to your own land). An easement is either granted in perpetuity or for a term of years and is an interest in land. Hence the requirement to register an interest with the land registry. If you search the deeds of a property, the search would show any easements relating to the land in question. A wayleave however, is a terminable licence, usually on 6 or 12 months notice, allowing for a right of access over land or the right to have equipment on land. NORWEB's rights are however subject to our statutory rights contained in the electricity act 1989. See http://www.deltaalpha.com/terms/easement.html |
| Element | See Network Element |
| Elementary Street Unit | A contiguous length of street, primarily between adjacent junctions. |
| ERV | See Estimated Rateable Value |
| ESRI | Environmental Science Research Institute (UK) www.esriuk.com |
| Estimated Rateable Value | ? |
| ESU | See Elementary Street Unit |
| Exor | A software supplier |
| EXOR | Trade name for Comprehensive Management, control and inventory system which is used for all elements of Highways maintenance. |
| FIG | Federation of International Surveyors - http://www.fig.net/cairo/ |
| Footway | Segregated surfaced facilities used by pedestrians |
| GeoXplorer | Used in the Planning department. An ESB International / ESBI Computing product. An off-the shelf Web GIS solution, GeoXplorer is modular. With GeoXplorer you don't have to build your own Web GIS solution from scratch - GeoXplorer is rich in functionality which can give you a major head-start in any Web GIS deployment. However, if you do wish to build your own GIS, we can supply you with the underlying development environment - MapXtreme® - which we used to create GeoXplorer™. We can also provide you with integration, customisation and development services around both GeoXplorer™ and MapXtreme®. GeoXplorer™ is an off-the-shelf application for delivering web GIS solutions via the Internet or Intranet. GeoXplorer™ implements the latest web architecture to deliver spatial and enterprise solutions to a wide variety of users via a standard web browser. GeoXplorer™ gives your organisation the opportunity to provide low cost, easy-to-use interactive spatial solution. If you want to harness the power of GIS, GeoXplorer™ is the system of choice for you, no matter what the size of your organisation. GeoXplorer™ is a modular application which is completely scaleable, hence it can be easily adapted to meet your evolving requirements. GeoXplorer's works stand-alone, as a platform to build enterprise GIS or MIS, a solution to integrate with web applications and an addition to conventional desktop GIS applications. |
| GIS | Geographical Information System, typically a way to view data on a map. |
| GML | Geography Markup Language. Ordnance Survey indicated DNF data will be issued in GML format - a new international standard for storing and transporting geographical information. |
| GMS | Gazetteer Management System. The generic name for a computer system for managing gazetteer data, also a product from CAPS that some authoritiesuse to hold their definitive list of land and property information. |
| GPS | Global positioning System |
| GSDI | Global Spatial Data Infrastructure. GSDI Association: http://www.gsdi.org/ |
| HAPMS | Highways Agency Pavement Management System |
| HASWA | Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 |
| HAUC | Highways and Utility Committee |
| IDeA | Improvement and Development Agency. Work on the application of BS7666 was brought together and published by an IDeA working party. These documents are available from the IDeA and have been adhered to in setting up the IDeA initiative. |
| ILE | Institution of Lighting Engineers |
| J2EE | Java 2 Enterprise Edition. A Java-based, runtime platform created by Sun Microsystems used for developing, deploying, and managing multi-tier server-centric applications on an enterprise-wide scale. A competitor to the Microsoft .NET Framework. The Oracle Forms front end to Highways by Exor is a Java application. |
| KPI | Key Performance Indicators |
| Land and Property Identifier (LPI) | Structured text, which identifies uniquely a Basic Land and Property
Unit. A BLPU can have more than one
LPI. LPI_RECORD_STATUS - LPI_STATUS_DESCRIPTION Approved Official / Preferred LPI - An identifier or address corresponding to the entry in the official street name and numbering register (if exists), otherwise the address deemed by the gazetteer custodian to be correct and most commonly used address Approved Alternative LPI - An identifier or address recognised by the gazetteer custodian as being in common use but differing from the official/preferred LPI Alternative LPI - An identifier or address that is not in common use Candidate LPI - An identifier or address posted for inclusion in the gazetteer but awaiting confirmation/approval by the gazetteer custodian Provisional LPI - An identifier or address held in the gazetteer on a temporary basis Historical LPI - An identifier or address no longer in use Rejected LPI - An identifier or address which has not been approved by the Local Custodian and is awaiting deletion by its originator |
| LandMaster | A property management program |
| Large scale maps | A map which views the world from relatively close up. The map of a housing estate or a house plan is large scale. In a large scale map the details, the world and a map of the world would be quite large. Examples are Ordnance Survey's Land-Line, 1:10 000 Scale Raster and ADDRESS?POINT. Ordnance Survey calls maps that are at 1:10560 scale or larger "detailed products". |
| LBS | Location-Based Services. The
replacement of paper maps with electronic devices that not only allow you to
see the area you are in but pinpoint your position, allow you to select map
features and display information about them, plan routes, guide you with
voice commands and recalculate routes automatically if conditions
change. Alternatively, a map that can
automatically find your nearest Italian restaurant, plan the most interesting
route there, tell you what is currently on the menu, and allow you to place
an order to be ready on arrival. The technological benefit from LBS comes from making use of the knowledge of the user's location. LBS applications are available on some mobile phones. |
| LGIH | Local Government Information House, a subsidiary of IDeA to allow IDeA to link with local authorities. |
| Link | The connection between two related nodes on a network. |
| Link | Imperial unit of length, equal to 7.92 inches. |
| LLPG | Local Land and Property Gazetteer, the council's list of properties and addresses with their precise location. |
| LPI | See Land and Property Identifier (LPI) |
| LRM | Linear Referencing Method. One method used to describe the location of items, in this case by distance from a point, from a reference post, or some other mark. (Alternative location referencing methods that are not linear referencing methods are addresses and grid references.) |
| LRM | Location Referencing Method. The method used to describe the location of items, e.g., distance from a point or address or grid reference or latitude / longitude. |
| LRS | Liner Referencing System. |
| LSG | Local Street Gazetteer. The council's list of streets in the authority's area with their exact location and shape defined. |
| LTP | Local Transport Plan |
| M4I | Movement for Innovation |
| MAIDeN | Multi-Agency Information Database for Neighbourhoods |
| MapInfo | GIS and desktop mapping software. Capable of importing and exporting a wide range of digital map data formats and performing complex data manipulation, query and analysis operations. Extensive catalogue of data products available. |
| MayRise | Provide products used by Highways such as Streetworks, Highways Maintenance System, Street Lighting. |
| Mereing | The definition of a boundary in relation to topographic features on the ground at the time of survey (e.g. one metre from road edge). If at a later date the ground detail changes or disappears, then that section is not re-mered, but the mereing changes to 'defaced'. |
| MM7/MM8 | LTP definitions MM7 is bridge strengthening and MM8 is bridge structural maintenance. |
| MOVA | Trade name for Computerised Traffic Signals vehicle actuation and monitoring system |
| MSA | Mapping Services Agreement, an agreement for local authorities to buy and share mapping information nationally thereby reducing costs overall. |
| Network Element | The link between two nodes. |
| NLIS | National Land Information Service. Promotes the electronic delivery of land and property related information, initially for search purposes to support the conveyancing process. The core of NLIS is NLPG. |
| NLPG | National Land & Property Gazetteer. An aggregation of local BS7666 land and property gazetteers. |
| Node | A known point on a network, typically located at a junction, terminus or boundary. |
| nRASWA | MayRise package for street maintenance (cf NRSWA) |
| NRMCS | National Road Maintenance Condition Survey |
| NRSWA | New Road and Street Works Act 1991 |
| NSAI | National Spatial Address Infrastructure - a national address database |
| NSG | National Street Gazetteer. The national list of all streets. |
| NSG Levels | The National Street Gazetteer is required to differing levels of
complexity, referred to as levels 1, 2 and 3 becoming progressively more
detailed with level 3 equating to the full gazetteer. NSG Level 1: street references with attributes. A listing of streets by name or other description with a spatial locator consisting of start and finish co-ordinates. NSG Level 2: street references with Elementary Street Units (ESU) and their attributes. Named roads split into sections defined by intermediate road junctions. Each ESU is defined by a start and finish co-ordinate. NSG Level 3: as for Level 2 but with the geometric shape of the road sections. |
| NTF | UK NTF (National Transfer Format) is a vector interchange format used to
distribute digital map products from the Ordnance Survey. Specified in: BS 7567 Electronic transfer of geographic information (NTF) - Part 1: Specification of the NTF structures (1992) - Part 2: Specification for implementing plain NTF (1992) - Part 3: Specification for implementing NTF using BS 6690 (1992) |
| OGC | Open Geospatial Consortium (was Open GIS Consortium) |
| Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. | An international voluntary consensus standards organization of more than 250 companies, government agencies and universities developing publicly available geoprocessing interface specifications. http://www.opengeospatial.org/ |
| Open GIS Consortium | From 1/9/4, renamed the Open Geospatial Consortium |
| OS | Ordnance Survey |
| OSAPR | Ordnance Survey Address-Point Reference |
| OSCAR | Ordnance Survey Centre Alignment of Roads. A product family derived from the continually revised OS Roads database. Roads and associated information modelled into a vector network. Includes all classified roads, minor roads and selected private roads. |
| OWPA | Object Without a Postal Address and OWPAs: Objects Without Postal Addresses |
| PAF | Postcode Address File |
| PAON | The Primary Addressable Object Name (PAON) is the designated premise number, and/or the premise name, where neither of these exist then the PAON is the name of the organisation in occupation, or a description of the addressable object. http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/gdsc/html/frames/PrimaryAddressableObjectName.htm |
| Pavement | The collective term for the construction of all running surfaces, particularly carriageways. |
| PFI | Private Funding Initiative |
| PlanMaster | A reporting tool |
| PROW | Public Right(s) of Way. http://www.naturenet.net/row/rowdefinitions.html |
| PSA | Public Service Agreement |
| PSV | Polished Stone Value |
| Raster | Raster data: a common method of storing, representing or displaying
spatial data in digital form. Raster
data takes a grid and places a value in each square. Groups of cells with the same value
represent features. Raster data is
best suited for continuous data such as slope, rainfall or the amount of
light reflecting off the ground (as in a photograph). Aerial photographs and satellite images
are examples of raster images. Cf. vector. |
| Rasterise | The process of converting vector points, lines and areas into raster image format. |
| REC | Regional Electricity Companies |
| Relative Positional Accuracy | Relative positional accuracy relates to the accuracy of the National Grid (NG) reference assigned to a BLPU. |
| Restricted Byway | The public's rights along a 'restricted byway' are on foot, on horseback or leading a horse, or by vehicle other than mechanically propelled vehicles. This last means you can take a pushbike or horse-drawn carriage along a 'restricted byway' but cannot take a motorcycle or other motor vehicle along one. |
| Right of Way | A general term meaning someone or some body is permitted to pass over a stretch of land. It need not be a "public right of way". It may restrict access to certain bodies, modes of transport, times of year or have an agreed deadline. |
| RMS | Remote Monitoring System |
| RUPP | Road Used as a Public Path. A moribund term: Section 54 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and the subsequent Countryside And Rights Of Way Act 2000 state RUPPs should be reclassified into restricted byways, BOATs, bridleways or footpaths according to use. |
| SAON | Secondary Addressable Object Name cf PAON. http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/gdsc/html/frames/SecondaryAddressableObjectName.htm |
| Scale | The ratio of a map's size to the size of the ground it covers. A 1 metre wide map describing 10 kilometres of ground is 1:10000. Life is rarely so simple. The Ordnance Survey licence terms are different for small scale maps and large scale maps. |
| SCRIM | Sideways-force Coefficient Routine Investigation Machine (measures the skid characteristics of the road surface) |
| Shape files | "Shape files are made up of 3 separate files - .shp, .shx and .dbf and sometimes you have .sbn and .sbx but these are just locking files, I think - you can ignore them totally. Of these 3, you can edit the .dbf file using Excel or Access. From there you can also import ASCII files and merge them. One important note though, do not sort your .dbf data in Excel or Access or you end up with either corrupt data or wrong indexed shape files." |
| SLM | Street Lighting Management database |
| Small scale maps | A map which views the world from a great distance. The UK motorway network or the counties of Wales map would be small scale. In a small scale map the details, the world and a map of the world would be quite small. Examples are the Ordnance Survey 1:50 000 Scale Colour Raster, Land-Form PANORAMA, Code?Point, Boundary-Line and OSCAR. The Ordnance Survey calls maps that are at 1:10560 scale or less "business geographics". |
| Spatial Operators | Functions used when querying the spatial objects in a spatial database to see if they touch, overlap, one covers the other, etc. |
| Street | The whole or part of any highway, road, lane, footpath, square, court, alley or passage, irrespective of whether it is a thoroughfare or not. |
| Terrier | A terrier is as "a written survey or list of the lands and other property belonging to an estate", and alternative names for documents of broadly similar content include surveys, extents, field books, and reference books. Terriers and surveys are to be found among deeds and papers relating to the ownership and management of property and estates. |
| TMA | Traffic Management Act 2004 |
| TOID | TOpopgraphic IDentifier. The Ordnance Survey MasterMap is a digital map for which includes topographic information on every landscape feature. Each feature has its own unique identifier or TOID® - a 16 digit reference number that can be shared across different applications and systems. |
| UARN | Valuation Office Agency's Unique Address Reference Number |
| UDPRN | Royal Mail's Unique Delivery Point Reference Number |
| UKPMS | United Kingdom Pavement Management Scheme |
| Unique Property Reference Number (UPRN) | A unique (nationally) numeric identifier for a Basic Land and Property Unit. |
| Unique Street Reference Number (USRN) | A number which appears in a Street record (11). It is an 8- digit number which uniquely identifies a Street nationally and which is allocated by the custodian of a local Street gazetteer from a range specified in BS7666 Part 1. |
| UPRN | See Unique Property Reference Number. |
| USRN | See Unique Street Reference Number |
| UTMC | Urban Traffic Management and Control |
| Vector | Images created using mathematical statements that define geometric shapes
- e.g. points, lines, arcs, polygons and groups of such objects - rather than
pixels. Each shape has its own
attributes (location, size, colour etc.) that can be individually
edited. You can edit move, resize, and change the colour of vector graphics without appearing to lose any quality. Unlike bitmaps, vector graphics are not dependent on resolution. You can scale a vector graphic to any size without it losing detail or clarity. However, the scale of the accuracy of the vector always remains the same: as you zoom in it does not magically become more precise although it will remain clear and of high quality. Vector images have no 'background' so they can be placed over other images without a white block. Vector images do not handle items work that is a continuous tone. For example, altitude has to be represented by contour lines rather than a gradual colour change. Vegetation types are represented by coloured shapes with definite terminating lines such as an artificial tree line rather than gradual disappearance. Vector images typically have a relatively small file size, although this is dependent upon the amount of data being represented. As layers are added so the size increases. Imaginary features such as boundaries, invisible features such as sewers and buried cable ducts, and point data for assets and events can have potentially limitless growth potential. |
| VOA | Valuation Office Agency |
| WAP | Wireless Application Protocol. A protocol developed to allow intelligent transmission of optimized Internet content to wireless phones. |
| Wayleaves | Right of way through private property for the laying of waterpipes and
making of sewers, etc., provided that only the surface-soil is utilised by
the proprietor. An easement is either granted in perpetuity or for a term of years and is an interest in land. Hence the requirement to register an interest with the land registry. If you search the deeds of a property, the search would show any easements relating to the land in question. A wayleave however, is a terminable licence, usually on 6 or 12 months notice, allowing for a right of access over land or the right to have equipment on land. The Electricity Act 1989 allows additional wayleave rights on electricity companies. |
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